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Bipolar Disorder

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Exercise you experience very happy and outgoing—or very irritable—on some days, simply unusually sad or broken-hearted on other days? Do the "upwardly" periods proceed with increased free energy or activity? Do the "downs" go on with low energy, hopelessness, or disability to savour what you usually similar to exercise, and sometimes suicidal thoughts? Exercise these mood swings make it hard to sleep, stay focused, or get things done? Some people with these symptoms have a lifelong only treatable mental disorder chosen bipolar disorder.

What is bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a chronic or episodic (which ways occurring occasionally and at irregular intervals) mental disorder. It can cause unusual, oft extreme and fluctuating changes in mood, energy, activity, and concentration or focus. Bipolar disorder sometimes is chosen manic-depressive disorder or manic depression, which are older terms.

Everyone goes through normal ups and downs, only bipolar disorder is different. The range of mood changes can be extreme. In manic episodes, someone might feel very happy, irritable, or "up," and there is a marked increase in activeness level. In depressive episodes, someone might experience distressing, indifferent, or hopeless, in combination with a very low activity level. Some people take hypomanic episodes, which are like manic episodes, but less severe and troublesome.

Almost of the time, bipolar disorder develops or starts during tardily adolescence (teen years) or early adulthood. Occasionally, bipolar symptoms can appear in children. Although the symptoms come up and go, bipolar disorder usually requires lifetime treatment and does not become away on its own. Bipolar disorder can be an important factor in suicide, job loss, and family discord, merely proper treatment leads to ameliorate outcomes.

What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?

The symptoms of bipolar disorder tin vary. An private with bipolar disorder may have manic episodes, depressive episodes, or "mixed" episodes. A mixed episode has both manic and depressive symptoms. These mood episodes cause symptoms that last a week or two or sometimes longer. During an episode, the symptoms last every day for most of the solar day. Mood episodes are intense. The feelings are intense and happen along with changes in behavior, energy levels, or activity levels that are noticeable to others.

Symptoms of a Manic Episode	Symptoms of a Depressive Episode
Feeling very upwards, high, elated, or extremely irritable or touchy	Feeling very down or sad, or anxious
Feeling jumpy or wired, more than active than usual	Feeling slowed down or restless
Racing thoughts	Trouble concentrating or making decisions
Decreased need for sleep	Trouble falling asleep, waking up too early, or sleeping too much
Talking fast nearly a lot of unlike things ("flying of ideas")	Talking very slowly, feeling similar you have nothing to say, or forgetting a lot
Excessive appetite for food, drinking, sex, or other pleasurable activities	Lack of interest in almost all activities
Thinking y'all can do a lot of things at one time without getting tired	Unable to do even unproblematic things
Feeling like you are unusually important, talented, or powerful	Feeling hopeless or worthless, or thinking about death or suicide

Some people with bipolar disorder may accept milder symptoms than others with the disorder. For case, hypomanic episodes may make the private feel very good and be very productive; they may not feel similar annihilation is incorrect. However, family unit and friends may discover the mood swings and changes in activity levels as behavior that is unlike from usual, and severe depression may follow mild hypomanic episodes.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

At that place are three bones types of bipolar disorder; all of them involve articulate changes in mood, free energy, and action levels. These moods range from periods of extremely "upwardly," elated, and energized beliefs or increased activity levels (manic episodes) to very lamentable, "down," hopeless, or low action-level periods (depressive episodes). People with bipolar disorder besides may have a normal (euthymic) mood alternating with depression. Four or more episodes of mania or low in a year are termed "rapid cycling."

• Bipolar I Disorder is divers by manic episodes that last at least seven days (virtually of the 24-hour interval, nearly every solar day) or when manic symptoms are so severe that hospital care is needed. Usually, separate depressive episodes occur as well, typically lasting at to the lowest degree two weeks. Episodes of mood disturbance with mixed features (having depression and manic symptoms at the same time) are also possible.
• Bipolar II Disorder is defined by a blueprint of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, simply not the full-blown manic episodes described in a higher place.
• Cyclothymic Disorder (also called cyclothymia) is defined by persistent hypomanic and depressive symptoms that are non intense enough or do not final long plenty to qualify as hypomanic or depressive episodes. The symptoms usually occur for at least 2 years in adults and for ane yr in children and teenagers.
• Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders is a category that refers to bipolar disorder symptoms that practice not match any of the recognized categories.

Conditions That Can Co-Occur With Bipolar Disorder

Many people with bipolar disorder also may have other mental wellness disorders or conditions such equally:

• Psychosis. Sometimes people who have severe episodes of mania or depression as well accept psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions. The psychotic symptoms tend to friction match the person's extreme mood. For case:
  • Someone having psychotic symptoms during a manic episode may falsely believe that he or she is famous, has a lot of money, or has special powers.
  • Someone having psychotic symptoms during a depressive episode may believe he or she is financially ruined and penniless or has committed a crime.
• Anxiety Disorders Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Anxiety disorders and ADHD oftentimes are diagnosed in people with bipolar disorder.
• Misuse of Drugs or Alcohol. People with bipolar disorder are more prone to misusing drugs or booze.
• Eating Disorders. People with bipolar disorder occasionally may have an eating disorder, such as binge eating or bulimia.

Some bipolar disorder symptoms are like those of other illnesses, which can lead to misdiagnosis. For example, some people with bipolar disorder who likewise have psychotic symptoms tin be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia. Some physical health conditions, such as thyroid disease, can mimic the moods and other symptoms of bipolar disorder. Street drugs sometimes tin mimic, provoke, or worsen mood symptoms.

Looking at symptoms over the course of the illness (longitudinal follow-upward) and the person'south family unit history tin play a key role in determining whether the person has bipolar disorder with psychosis or schizophrenia.

What causes bipolar disorder?

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Yet, research suggests that there is no single crusade. Instead, a combination of factors may contribute to bipolar disorder.

Genes

Bipolar disorder often runs in families, and research suggests that this is mostly explained past heredity—people with sure genes are more than probable to develop bipolar disorder than others. Many genes are involved, and no one factor tin can cause the disorder.

But genes are not the simply gene. Some studies of identical twins accept constitute that even when one twin develops bipolar disorder, the other twin may not. Although people with a parent or sibling with bipolar disorder are more likely to develop the disorder themselves, about people with a family history of bipolar disorder will non develop the illness.

Encephalon Structure and Function

Researchers are learning that the brain construction and function of people with bipolar disorder may be different from the brain structure and office of people who practice not have bipolar disorder or other psychiatric disorders. Learning about the nature of these brain changes helps doctors ameliorate understand bipolar disorder and may in the time to come help predict which types of handling volition work best for a person with bipolar disorder. At this fourth dimension, diagnosis is based on symptoms rather than brain imaging or other diagnostic tests.

How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?

To diagnose bipolar disorder, a doc or other health intendance provider may:

• Complete a total physical exam.
• Lodge medical testing to rule out other illnesses.
• Refer the person for an evaluation by a psychiatrist.

A psychiatrist or other mental health professional diagnoses bipolar disorder based on the symptoms, lifetime course, and experiences of the individual. Some people have bipolar disorder for years earlier it is diagnosed. This may be because:

• Bipolar disorder has symptoms in mutual with several other mental health disorders. A doctor may think the person has a different disorder, such as schizophrenia or (unipolar) low.
• Family and friends may notice the symptoms, but non realize that the symptoms are part of a more pregnant problem.
• People with bipolar disorder often take other wellness conditions, which tin brand information technology hard for doctors to diagnose bipolar disorder.

How is bipolar disorder treated?

Treatment helps many people, even those with the nearly severe forms of bipolar disorder. Doctors treat bipolar disorder with medications, psychotherapy, or a combination of treatments.

Medications

Sure medications can help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Some people may need to try several different medications and piece of work with their physician before finding the ones that piece of work best. The most common types of medications that doctors prescribe include mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics. Mood stabilizers such as lithium can assist prevent mood episodes or reduce their severity when they occur. Lithium also decreases the risk for suicide. Additional medications that target slumber or feet are sometimes added to mood stabilizers as part of a treatment plan.

Talk with your doctor or a pharmacist to empathise the risks and benefits of each medication. Report any concerns about side effects to your dr. correct away. Avoid stopping medication without talking to your md first.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy (sometimes called "talk therapy") is a term for a diversity of handling techniques that aim to help a person identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Psychotherapy can offer back up, didactics, skills, and strategies to people with bipolar disorder and their families. Psychotherapy often is used in combination with medications; some types of psychotherapy (e.m., interpersonal, social rhythm therapy) can exist an effective treatment for bipolar disorder when used with medications.

Other Treatments

Some people may find other treatments helpful in managing their bipolar symptoms, including:

• Electroconvulsive therapy is a brain stimulation procedure that can help people get relief from astringent symptoms of bipolar disorder. This type of therapy is usually considered only if a patient'south illness has non improved afterwards other treatments (such as medication or psychotherapy) are tried, or in cases where rapid response is needed, as in the case of suicide chance and catatonia (a state of unresponsiveness), for case.
• Regular vigorous exercise, such equally jogging, swimming, or bicycling, helps with depression and anxiety, promotes better slumber, and is healthy for your center and brain. Check with your doctor earlier yous start a new exercise regimen.
• Keeping a life chart, which records daily mood symptoms, treatments, sleep patterns, and life events, tin can help people and their doctors track and treat bipolar disorder.

Not much research has been conducted on herbal or natural supplements and how they may affect bipolar disorder. Talk to your md before taking whatsoever supplement. Certain medications and supplements taken together tin cause serious side effects or life-threatening drug reactions. Visit the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Wellness for more information.

Finding Treatment

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is a federal research agency and cannot provide medical advice or referrals to practitioners. However, there are tools and resources available that may help y'all discover a provider or treatment. Yous tin can also:

• Call your medico. Your doctor tin be the commencement step in getting aid.
• Call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Assistants (SAMHSA) Treatment Referral Helpline at 800-662-HELP (4357) for general information on mental health and to find local handling services.
• Visit the SAMHSA website, which has a Behavioral Wellness Treatment Services Locator that tin can search for treatment information by address, urban center, or Nada code.
• Seek firsthand help from a doctor or the nearest hospital emergency room, or call 911, if you or someone you know is in crisis or considering suicide.

Phone call the cost-gratis National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-TALK (8255), bachelor 24 hours a mean solar day, seven days a week. This service is available to everyone. All calls are free and confidential. Contact social media outlets directly if you are concerned about a friend's social media updates, or punch 911 in an emergency.

Coping With Bipolar Disorder

Living with bipolar disorder tin exist challenging, but there are means to aid make it easier for yourself, a friend, or a loved one.

• Get treatment and stick with information technology—recovery takes time and it's not easy. Just treatment is the best way to start feeling ameliorate.
• Keep medical and therapy appointments, and talk with the provider about treatment options.
• Accept all medicines equally directed.
• Structure activities: continue a routine for eating and sleeping, and make sure to go enough sleep and practice.
• Larn to recognize your mood swings.
• Ask for aid when trying to stick with your treatment.
• Be patient; improvement takes time. Social support helps.

Retrieve, bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness, just long-term, ongoing handling tin help control symptoms and enable you to live a healthy life.

How is NIMH addressing bipolar disorder?

The National Found of Mental Health (NIMH) conducts and supports inquiry on bipolar disorder that increases our understanding of its causes and helps develop new treatments. Researchers continue to study genetics and bipolar disorder, brain office, and symptoms in children and teens who have bipolar disorder, as well as family unit history in health and behavior.

Learn more about NIMH'south research priorities and current studies.

Participating in Clinical Enquiry

Clinical research is medical research that involves people like you. People volunteer to participate in carefully conducted investigations that ultimately uncover better ways to treat, foreclose, diagnose, and empathise human disease. Clinical enquiry includes trials that test new treatments and therapies as well equally long-term natural history studies, which provide valuable data about how disease and wellness progress.

Please Annotation: Decisions well-nigh participating in a clinical trial and determining which ones are best suited for you are best made in collaboration with your licensed wellness professional.

Bring together a Report

NIMH researchers conduct studies in a broad range of areas related to the brain and mental disorders. The studies usually accept place at the NIH Clinical Centre in Bethesda, Medico, and may crave regular visits. Afterwards the initial phone interview, y'all volition come to an appointment at the clinic and run into with a clinician. Visit www.nimh.nih.gov/wellness/trials/index.shtml or www.nimh.nih.gov/joinastudy for more information.

To detect a clinical trial most you lot, you can visit www.clinicaltrials.gov. This website is a searchable registry and results database of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the earth. ClinicalTrials.gov gives you lot information about a trial'south purpose, who may participate, locations, and phone numbers for more details. This information should be used in conjunction with advice from health professionals.

Talk to your dr. virtually clinical trials, their benefits and risks, and whether one is correct for you. Acquire more than nearly clinical trials by visiting the following websites:

• NIMH'south Clinical Inquiry Trials and Y'all: Questions and Answers (too available in impress)
• NIMH's Join a Study webpage
• National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Enquiry Trials and Y'all

Through clinical trials, researchers are making discoveries that tin can be used in everyday practice to assist people.

Finding Help

Mental Health Treatment Locator

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration provides this online resource for locating mental health treatment facilities and programs. The Mental Wellness Handling Locator section of the Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator lists facilities providing mental health services to persons with mental illness. Find a facility in your state at https://findtreatment.samhsa.gov. For additional resources, visit www.nimh.nih.gov/findhelp.

Questions to Ask Your Doctor

Asking questions and providing information to your md or health care provider tin meliorate your intendance. Talking with your doctor builds trust and leads to better results, quality, safety, and satisfaction. Visit the Bureau for Healthcare Research and Quality website for tips.

Reprints

This publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from NIMH. Citation of NIMH as a source is appreciated. We encourage you to reproduce this publication and use it in your efforts to improve public health. Yet, using government materials inappropriately can raise legal or ethical concerns, and then we ask y'all to follow these guidelines:

• NIMH does not endorse or recommend any commercial products, processes, or services, and our publications may not be used for advertising or endorsement purposes.
• NIMH does not provide specific medical advice or handling recommendations or referrals; our materials may non be used in a manner that has the advent of providing such data.
• NIMH requests that non-federal organizations do not alter our publications in means that volition jeopardize the integrity and "brand" when using the publication.
• The addition of non-federal regime logos and website links may not have the appearance of NIMH endorsement of whatsoever specific commercial products or services, or medical treatments or services.
• Images pictured in NIMH publications are of models and are used for illustrative purposes only. Use of some images is restricted.

If you lot have questions regarding these guidelines and the utilize of NIMH publications, please contact the NIMH Information Resource Center at 866‑615‑6464 or email nimhinfo@nih.gov.

For More Information

NIMH website
www.nimh.nih.gov

MedlinePlus (National Library of Medicine)
https://medlineplus.gov
(En español: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish)

ClinicalTrials.gov
world wide web.clinicaltrials.gov
(En español: https://salud.nih.gov/investigacion-clinica)

National Institute of Mental Health
Part of Science Policy, Planning, and Communications
Science Writing, Press, and Broadcasting Branch
6001 Executive Boulevard
Room 6200, MSC 9663
Bethesda, MD 20892-9663
Phone: 301-443-4513 or
Toll-free: 866-615-NIMH (6464)
TTY: 301-443-8431 or
TTY Toll-free: 866-415-8051
Fax: 301-443-4279
Email: nimhinfo@nih.gov

U.South. DEPARTMENT OF Health AND HUMAN SERVICES
National Institutes of Wellness
NIH Publication No. nineteen-MH-8088
Revised October 2018

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Source: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder

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