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The AltGr key is the starting time central to the right of the infinite bar. (Some keyboards accept a second Alt key hither).
A keyboard with additional engravings showing the characters typed when AltGr is held down. (The AltGr primal, located immediately to the correct of the Space bar, does non announced in this photo.)
AltGr (as well Alt Graph) is a modifier key constitute on many computer keyboards (rather than a second Alt cardinal found on US keyboards). It is primarily used to type characters that are not widely used in the territory where sold, such as foreign currency symbols, typographic marks and accented letters. On a typical Windows-uniform PC keyboard, the AltGr key, when present, takes the place of the right-mitt Alt key: if not engraved as such, that central may all the same be remapped to comport every bit though it is,[1] (or emulated using a chord such every bit Ctrl+Alt). In macOS, the Choice key has functions like to the AltGr fundamental.
AltGr is used similarly to the Shift primal: it is held down while another key is struck in club to obtain a character other than the one that the latter normally produces. AltGr and Shift can also sometimes be combined to obtain yet another character. For instance, on the US-International keyboard layout, the C key can exist used to insert iv dissimilar characters:
- C → c (lower case — first level)
- ⇧ Shift+C → C (upper case — second level)
- AltGr+C → © (copyright sign — third level)
- AltGr+⇧ Shift+C → ¢ (cent sign — 4th level)
Meaning [edit]
IBM states that AltGr is an abbreviation for alternate graphic.[2] [3]
The AltGr fundamental is used equally an boosted 'shift' key, to provide a third and a fourth (when Shift is also pressed) graphic symbol for most keys. Near are accented variants of the letters on the keys, merely besides additional typographical symbols and punctuation marks. Some languages such as Bengali use this key when the number of letters of their alphabet is too large for a standard keyboard. On early home computers the alternate graphemes were primarily box-drawing characters.[4]
Ctrl+Alt as AltGr surrogate [edit]
Windows interprets Ctrl+Alt every bit AltGr in relevant layouts, to adapt some compact keyboards similar those of netbooks (where the AltGr fundamental may exist omitted). Thus, for example, Ctrl+Alt+a has the same effect every bit AltGr+a. Because of this characteristic, Microsoft advises that Ctrl+Alt not be used equally part of an awarding-specific keyboard shortcut, to avoid conflicts with any AltGr functions.[5]
Function past default national keyboard [edit]
In most of the keyboard diagrams the symbol you go when belongings down AltGr is in bluish in the lower-correct of the corner. If different, the symbol for Shift+AltGr is shown in the upper-right.
Bangladesh [edit]
Jatiya Layout (Alt Gr activated characters in bluish)
Belgium [edit]
Belgian keyboard nether Linux (Ubuntu 9.x)
The Windows version of the Belgian keyboard may only support a subset of these characters. Several of the AltGr combinations are themselves dead keys, which are followed by another alphabetic character to produce an accented version of that letter.
Brazil [edit]
ABNT complying keyboard layout (Alt Gr activated characters in bluish)
ABNT2 complying keyboard layout (Alt Gr activated characters in blue)
Some notes [edit]
- The AltGr+C combination results in the (obsolete) symbol ₢ for the former Brazilian currency, the Brazilian cruzeiro.
- The AltGr+Q, AltGr+Due west, AltGr+E combinations are useful as a replacement for the "/?" key, which is physically absent on non-Brazilian keyboards.
- Some software (e.grand. Microsoft Discussion) will map AltGr+R to ® and AltGr+T to ™, but this is not standard behavior and was likely an accident owing to the fact that the combinations Ctrl+Alt+R and Ctrl+Alt+T were intended.
France [edit]
On AZERTY keyboards, AltGr enables the user to type the following characters:
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Frg [edit]
On German keyboards, AltGr enables the user to type the following characters, which are indicated on the keyboard:
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Windows eight introduced the ability of pressing AltGr+⇧ Shift+ß to produce ẞ (majuscule ß). Even though this is usually not indicated on the physical keyboard—potentially due to a lack of space, since the ß-primal already has 3 different levels (ß → "ß", ⇧ Shift+ß → "?", and, as shown in a higher place, AltGr+ß → "\")—, it tin be seen in the Windows On-Screen Keyboard by selecting the necessary keys with the German keyboard layout selected.
(Some newer types of German keyboards offer the stock-still assignment Alt+++H → ẞ.)
Greece [edit]
On Greek keyboards, AltGr enables the user to blazon the following characters:
- Digits row
- AltGr+2 → ²
- AltGr+3 → ³
- AltGr+4 → £
- AltGr+five → §
- AltGr+six → ¶
- AltGr+viii → ¤
- AltGr+9 → ¦
- AltGr+0 → °
- AltGr+- → ±
- AltGr+= → ½
- Top letters row
- AltGr+Ε → €
- AltGr+Ρ → ®
- AltGr+Υ → ¥
- AltGr+[ → «
- AltGr+] → »
- AltGr+\ → ¬
- Middle letters row
- AltGr+; → ΅(a dead key:AltGr+; then i → ΐ)
- Bottom messages row
- AltGr+Ψ → ©
Some of these cardinal combinations also result in different characters if the polytonic layout is used.
Israel [edit]
Hebrew [edit]
On Hebrew keyboards, AltGr enables the user to type the post-obit characters:
- AltGr+four → ₪
- AltGr+3 → €
There are several combinations using AltGr that activate Hebrew vowels.
Yiddish [edit]
Using a Hebrew keyboard, one may write in Yiddish as the two languages share many letters. Even so, Yiddish has some additional digraphs and a symbol not otherwise plant in Hebrew which are entered via AltGr.
- AltGr+- → פֿ
- AltGr+י → ײ
- AltGr+ח → ױ
- AltGr+ו → װ
Italy [edit]
On Italian keyboards, AltGr enables the user to type the following characters:
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There is an alternate layout, which differ just in disposition of characters accessible through AltGr and includes the tilde and the curly brackets.
Latvia [edit]
The post-obit letters can be input in the Latvian keyboard layout using AltGr:
Lowercase letters [edit]
| Upper-case letter messages [edit]
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North Macedonia [edit]
On Macedonian keyboards, AltGr enables the user to blazon the following characters:
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The Netherlands [edit]
- Digits row
- AltGr+one → ¹ and ¡
- AltGr+2 → ²
- AltGr+iii → ³
- AltGr+4 → £ and ¤
- AltGr+5 → €
- AltGr+6 → ¼
- AltGr+7 → ½
- AltGr+viii → ¾
- AltGr+9 → '
- AltGr+0 → '
- AltGr+- → ¥
- AltGr+= → × and ÷
- Meridian letters row
- AltGr+Q → ä and Ä
- AltGr+Due west → å and Å
- AltGr+East → é and É
- AltGr+R → ®
- AltGr+T → þ and Þ (Icelandic and Onetime English language thorn)
- AltGr+Y → ü and Ü
- AltGr+U → ú and Ú
- AltGr+I → í and Í
- AltGr+O → ó and Ó
- AltGr+P → ö and Ö
- AltGr+[ → «
- AltGr+] → »
- AltGr+\ → ¬ and ¦
- Middle letters row (Domicile row)
- AltGr+A → á and Á
- AltGr+South → ß (German eszett aka sharp s) and §
- AltGr+D → ð and Ð (Icelandic edh)
- AltGr+L → ø and Ø
- AltGr+; → ¶ and °
- AltGr+' → ´ and ¨
- Bottom letters row
- AltGr+Z → æ and Æ
- AltGr+C → © and ¢
- AltGr+N → ñ and Ñ
- AltGr+Thou → µ
- AltGr+, → ç and Ç
- AltGr+/ → ¿
Nordic countries and Estonia [edit]
The keyboard layouts in the Nordic countries (Denmark (DK), Faroe Islands (FO), Finland (FI), Kingdom of norway (NO) and Sweden (SE) equally well as in Estonia (EE)) are largely like to each other. Generally the AltGr primal can be used to create the post-obit characters:
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Other AltGr combinations are peculiar to just some of the countries:
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Finnish multilingual [edit]
The Finnish multilingual keyboard standard adds many new characters to the traditional layout via the AltGr primal, as shown in the image below (the blue characters can be written with the AltGr key; several dead primal diacritics, shown in red, are too available as an AltGr combination).[6] [seven]
Poland [edit]
Typewriters in Poland used a QWERTZ layout specifically designed for the Polish linguistic communication with accented characters obtainable directly. When personal computers became bachelor worldwide in the 1980s, commercial importing into Poland was not supported by its communist government, so nigh machines in Poland were brought in past individual individuals. Most had US keyboards, and various methods were devised to brand special Polish characters bachelor. An established method was to apply AltGr in combination with the relevant Latin base letter to obtain a precomposed grapheme with a diacritic; notation the exceptional combination using x instead of the base letter z, as the Latin base letter of the alphabet has been reserved for another combination:
- AltGr+A → ą
- AltGr+C → ć
- AltGr+Eastward → ę
- AltGr+L → ł
- AltGr+Due north → ń
- AltGr+O → ó
- AltGr+S → ś
- AltGr+U → €
- AltGr+X → ź
- AltGr+Z → ż
At the fourth dimension of the political transformation and opening of commercial import channels this practice was and then widespread that information technology was adopted every bit the de facto standard. Nowadays most PCs in Poland take standard Usa keyboards and utilize the AltGr method to enter Smooth diacritics. This layout is referred to as Polish programmers' layout ( klawiatura polska programisty ) or simply Polish layout.
Another layout is still used on typewriters, mostly by professional person typists. Computer keyboards with this layout are available, though difficult to discover, and supported past a number of operating systems; they are known equally Polish typists' layout ( klawiatura polska maszynistki ). Older Smooth versions of Microsoft Windows used this layout, describing information technology every bit Smooth layout. On current versions it is referred to as Smooth (214).
Romania [edit]
The keymap with the AltGr cardinal:
â ß € r ț y u î o § „ " ă ș đ f grand h j k ł ; z x © v b n m « »
Russia [edit]
Since release 1903, versions of Windows 10 take the binding:
- AltGr+viii → ₽ (Ruble sign)
South Slavic Latin [edit]
On South Slavic Latin keyboards (used in Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia), the post-obit letters and special characters are created using AltGr:
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Turkey [edit]
In Turkish keyboard variants the AltGr can be used to display the following characters:
- AltGr+a → æ
- AltGr+due south → ß
- AltGr+e → €
- AltGr+t → ₺
- AltGr+q → @
- AltGr+ı → i
- AltGr+ü a → ã
- AltGr+ğ a → ä
- AltGr+ş a → á
- AltGr+, a → à
United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland and Republic of ireland [edit]
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In UK and Ireland keyboard layouts, simply two alternative apply symbols are printed on most keyboards, which require the AltGr primal to office. These are:
- € the euro sign. Located on the "4/$" key.
- ¦ the cleaved bar symbol. Located on the "`/¬" primal, to the firsthand left of "1".
Using the AltGr fundamental on Linux produces many foreign characters and international symbols, e.grand. ¹²³€½{[]}@łe¶ŧ←↓→øþæßðđŋħjĸł«»¢""nµΩŁE®Ŧ¥↑ıØÞƧЪŊĦJ&Ł<>©''Nº×÷· (If reconfigured as a etch central, an even larger repertoire is available).
With the UK extended keyboard setting (below), Chrome Bone offers a large repertoire of symbols and precomposed characters.
Scotland and Wales [edit]
For the diacritics used by Welsh (ŵ and ŷ) and Scots Gaelic (à, è, ì, ò and ù), the UK extended keyboard setting is needed. This makes available AltGr+6 (for circumflex accent) and AltGr+` (for grave emphasis) every bit expressionless keys.
UK extended keyboard layout [edit]
The Uk-Extended keyboard mapping (available with Microsoft Windows, Linux and ChromeOS) allows many characters with diacritical marks (including those used in other European countries) to exist generated by using the AltGr primal or expressionless keys in combination with others.
| ¬ ◌ ◌ ¦ | ! ¡ one ¹ | " ½ 2 ◌ | £ ⅓ 3 ³ | $ ¼ 4 € | % ⅜ five ½ | ^ ⅝ six ◌ | & ⅞ vii { | * ™ eight [ | ( ± 9 ] | ) ° 0 } | _ ¿ - \ | + ◌ = ◌ |
| tab | Q Ω q @ | W Ẃ w ẃ | Eastward É e é | R ® r ¶ | T Ŧ t ŧ | Y Ý y ý | U Ú u ú | I Í i í | O Ó o ó | P Þ p þ | { ◌ [ ◌ | } ◌ ] ◌ |
| 🔍 | A Á a á | South § south ß | D Ð d ð | F ª f đ | G Ŋ yard ŋ | H Ħ h ħ | J ◌ j ◌ | K & k ĸ | L Ł l ł | : ◌ ; ◌ | @ ◌ ' ◌ | ~ ◌ # ◌ |
| shift | | ¦ \ | | Z < z « | X > x » | C Ç c ç | Five ' v " | B ' b " | N N due north n | Chiliad º m µ | < × , ─ | > ÷ . · | ? ◌ / ◌ |
Notes: Dotted circumvolve (◌) is used here to indicate a dead key. The ` (grave emphasis) cardinal is the only one that acts every bit a complimentary-continuing expressionless primal and thus does not respond as shown on the key-cap. All others are invoked past AltGr.
AltGr+⇧ Shift+0 (°) is a caste sign; AltGr+⇧ Shift+G (º) is a masculine ordinal indicator. For a consummate list of the characters available using expressionless keys, meet QWERTY#Chrome Os.
U.s. [edit]
Virtually keyboards sold in the U.s.a. do not have an (engraved) AltGr primal. Still if in that location is an correct-hand Alt cardinal it will deed as AltGr if a layout using it is installed (conversely a foreign keyboard AltGr will human action like the right-hand Alt if the standard US keyboard layout is installed).
Usa-International [edit]
Microsoft provides a US-International keyboard layout that uses AltGr (or right-manus Alt or Ctrl+Alt) key to produce more characters:
Ruddy characters are dead keys; for example ä tin can exist entered with " a.
Other operating systems such as Linux and Chrome Bone follow this layout just increase the repertoire of glyphs provided.
X Window System [edit]
In the 10 Window System (Linux, BSD, Unix), AltGr can often exist used to produce additional characters with almost every key on the keyboard. Furthermore, with some keys, AltGr volition produce a dead key; for instance on a U.k. keyboard, semicolon can be used to add an astute accent to a base of operations letter, and left foursquare subclass can be used to add a trema:
- AltGr+; followed by E → é
- AltGr+[ followed by ⇧ Shift+O → Ö
This use of dead keys enables 1 to type a broad diversity of precomposed characters that combine diverse diacritics with either upper-case letter or lowercase letters, achieving a similar event to the Etch key.
Keyboard maps [edit]
Below are some diagrams and examples of country-specific key maps. For the diagrams, the grey symbols are the standard characters, xanthous is with ⇧ Shift, red is with AltGr, and blue is with ⇧ Shift+AltGr.
Danish keyboard [edit]
The Danish keymap features the following primal combinations:
- AltGr+⇧ Shift+Q → Ω
- AltGr+O → ø
- AltGr+M → µ
Italian keyboard [edit]
The Italian keymap includes, among other combinations, the following:
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Norwegian keyboard [edit]
The complete Norwegian X Window key map with its AltGr combinations
Swedish keyboard [edit]
The complete Swedish X Window key map with its AltGr combinations
Run across also [edit]
- Modifier fundamental
- Option key
- Shift key
- Expressionless key
- Escape grapheme
- Etch key
- Windows Alt keycodes
- Precomposed grapheme
References [edit]
- ^ Microsoft Support. "How to use the Us-International keyboard layout in Windows 7, in Windows Vista, and in Windows XP". Microsoft. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- ^ "Keyboard Technical Reference". ibm.com. Archived from the original on fourteen Jan 2006. Retrieved iv June 2005.
- ^ "IBM Globalization – Alternate graphic". ibm.com.
- ^ Kaplan, Michael S.: "To kickoff press the ALTGR key." Hmm... where's the ALTGR key?. 28 December 2004.
- ^ Raymond Chen (29 March 2004). "Why Ctrl+Alt shouldn't be used as a shortcut modifier". Microsoft.
- ^ SFS 5966 Keyboard layout. Finnish-Swedish multilingual keyboard setting. Finnish Standards Association SFS. 3 November 2008.
- ^ Kotoistus: Uusi näppäinasettelu = Status of the new Keyboard Layout Archived 27 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. A bi-lingual (Finnish + English) presentation page collecting drafts of the Finnish Multilingual Keyboard. CSC – IT Centre for Science Ltd. Folio updated 28 Dec 2006.
| Esc | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | PrtScn/ SysRq | Scroll Lock | Break/ Suspension | |||||||||
| | Insert | Dwelling house | PgUp | Num Lock | ∕ | ∗ | − | |||||||||||||||||
| Delete | Cease | PgDn | 7 | 8 | 9 | + | ||||||||||||||||||
| iv | v | six | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ↑ | one | two | 3 | Enter | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ← | ↓ | → | 0 Ins | . Del | ||||||||||||||||||||
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltGr_key
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